Author name: Khaled Ahmed

By Khaled Ahmed* Abstract Threat perceptions are produced by the mind. National strategies are produced by imagination on the basis of nationalism and geopolitical compulsions. Threats have to be imagined so that armies can be trained and weapons acquired accordingly. Some states have fixed enemies. All dangers are to be interpreted on the yardstick of […]

By Khaled Ahmed[1] Abstract The sectarian violence in Pakistan which has marred the final years of the last century continues in the present and has cost thousands of lives. Shia-Sunni tensions were largely   concealed through layers of governance and prevented from degenerating into confrontation during the British Raj. Soon after the emergence of Pakistan, the