Author name: Shahid Kardar

By Shahid Kardar* Governance is the manner in, and the process by, which authority is exercised, especially with respect to the management of a country’s economic  and  social  resources. This,  in  turn,  entails  the  capacity of institutions (both formal and informal) to design, formulate, and implement policies. It includes the discharge of functions that enable

By Shahid Kardar* Until recently underdeveloped infrastructure like road networks, transportation, etc., had created sheltered local markets for small enterprises. The only competition they encountered was amongst each other from the overcrowding in such a market. Then there were government policies that created the perverse incentives to remain small and operate in an isolated manner.