VOL 17 NO 4

Ideological Foundation and Nationalism in the Era of Hybrid Threat Environment

The term Ideology refers to a set of collectively held ideas about society, usually promoted to justify a certain type of political action. Pakistan is a country that was chalked out on the world map through a long and cumbersome struggle of a people that shared an ideology. It was a result of numerous unpleasant

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An International Dimension of the Kashmir Struggle: A New Phase of Oppression

Ashraf Jehangir Qazi* *The author is a former Ambassador of Pakistan. The new phase of oppression in IOK began with Narendra Modi becoming Prime Minister in 2014, five years before August 5, 2019, when he abolished Articles 370 and 35A of the Indian Constitution that guaranteed the autonomous status of IOK. On August 11, 2019,

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